The effect of particle size on the characteristics of FeCo nanoparticles

Some size-dependent characteristics of FeCo nanoparticles are investigated in this paper. The nanoparticles are fabricated using a coprecipitation route and their sizes are controlled by changing the reaction time. Transverse electron microscopy (TEM) images show that the nanoparticles are all spherical with an average size of 2–6 nm. The average size obtained from X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements is in the range 1–3 nm. Magnetic measurements reveal that the nanoparticles are ordered ferromagnetically and have a high coercivity of about 500 Oe. In our measurements, the coercivity was decreased with decreasing particle size, indicating that the nanoparticles were in a single-domain region. Production of FeCo nanoparticles with high coercivity and fine dimension is highly promising for future recording media technology.     

Effect of Ni-addition on the crystallization behavior and the oxidation resistance of Zr-based metallic glasses below the crystallization temperature

The crystallization behavior of Zr_65.0Al_7.5Ni_10.0Cu_17.5 metallic glasses by addition of Ni with 753 K annealing treatment and its effect on the oxidation resistance around the supercooled liquid region at 663 K were studied. By annealing at 753 K, the nanocrystalline phase of bct-Zr₂Cu precipitates was observed in the Zr_65.0Al_7.5Cu_27.5 specimen, while microstructures consisting of finer nanocrystalline bct-Zr₂Cu, fcc-Zr₂Ni and Zr₆Al₂Ni formed in the Zr_65.0Al_7.5Ni_10.0Cu_17.5 specimen. The oxidation resistance of the melt-spun Zr_65.0Al_7.5Ni_10.0Cu_17.5 specimen was improved by addition of Ni, which is evidenced by less mass gain and thin oxide scale. The microstructural refinement by the formation of numerous nanocrystalline phases of bct-Zr₂Cu, fcc-Zr₂Ni and Zr₆Al₂Ni from the matrix resulted in an improvement of the oxidation resistance, whereas a relative coarse nanocrystalline phase consisting of bct-Zr₂Cu exhibited fast oxidation along grain boundaries. Although the oxide species for both specimens were composed of a large amount of CuO/Cu₂O, some tetragonal and monoclinic-ZrO₂ as well as a minor amount of the oxide state of Cu³⁺, the amount of oxides especially for ZrO₂ in the Zr_65.0Al_7.5Ni_10.0Cu_17.5 specimen was lower, which was probably due to suppressed oxygen diffusion in ZrO₂.     

Hydrogen blistering and hydrogen-induced cracking in amorphous nickel phosphorus coating

Hydrogen blistering and hydrogen-induced cracking in amorphous Ni–P coating were studied. The results showed that hydrogen blistering and hydrogen-induced cracking in Ni–P coating could form during cathodic charging. Hydrogen blister could nucleate through hydrogen atoms diffusing into free volume cavity besides preexisted void. With increasing hydrogen pressure, shear bands appeared on the surface of hydrogen blister, and then hydrogen-induced cracking initiated and propagated along the wall of hydrogen blister.     

Group technology in a hybrid flowshop environment: A case study

This paper addresses the problem of products grouping in the tile industry. This production system can be classified as a three-stage hybrid flowshop with sequence dependent and separable setup times. Main objective has been to identify a set of families integrated by products with common features. This classification would help Production Managers to minimize changeover time, allowing them to further reduce production times. The basic concept of “exploiting similarities”, taken from the Group Technology (GT) philosophy, has been used to address the problem in a creative way. A new “coefficient of similarity” between each of the products, has been defined and used as a parameter, allowing products to be grouped through a heuristic method. This research has already been applied in the framework of a real case, getting quite positive results (actual reduction in both setup and production costs, easier long-horizon planning and short-horizon scheduling, more accurate set up time estimates for new products, etc.).     

The effect of boron on the electronic structure of dislocation in NiAl

The segregation effect of B on the [100](010) edge dislocation core in NiAl single crystals is investigated using the DMol method and the discrete variational method within the framework of density functional theory. The impurity segregation energy and the charge distribution are calculated. The effects of B on the dislocation motion are discussed. The results show that B prefers to segregate at the Center-Al dislocation core. Moreover, B forms strong bonding states with its neighboring host atoms, which ma...     

不均匀组织ER8车轮滚动接触疲劳性能研究

针对含不均匀组织ER8车轮服役过程中过早出现滚动接触疲劳(RCF)损伤这一实际问题,通过RCF试验,获得了车轮不均匀组织和正常组织的RCF极限;利用光学显微镜(OM)和透射电镜(TEM)重点表征了RCF裂纹萌生处的微观组织. 借助扫描电镜(SEM)和原位拉伸试验台测试了两种组织的弹、塑性能并原位观察了裂纹的扩展行为. 结果表明:车轮踏面不均匀组织的RCF极限低于轮辋正常组织,不均匀组织中除车轮正常组织应有的珠光体和先共析铁素体组织外,还存在大量的上贝氏体,上贝氏体的存在破坏了车轮正常组织的连续均匀性. RCF裂纹的萌生和扩展主要发生在上贝和正常组织的边界处,上贝氏体的硬度、弹性高于正常组织,但塑性小于正常组织,在相同接触应力作用下,两者弹-塑性变形的不协调是导致其组织边界处产生应力集中,进而诱发并促进疲劳裂纹的萌生和扩展,加速车轮RCF损伤出现的主要原因.      

最优化算法在EDXRF谱线拟合中的应用

在X射线荧光光谱(EDXRF)测试中,由于探测器分辨率的影响,谱线会有不同程度的展宽,多元素存在时谱线还会有一定的重叠。获得纯净的谱线强度,并保证准确测试结果的过程,通常被称为EDXRF解谱。传统的解谱方法包括感兴趣区加和、纯元素谱线剥离以及干扰系数法等,但这些方法在解决EDXRF解谱问题时都有不同程度的局限性。最优化算法本质上是一种多自变量求极值的方法,首先列出具有多个自变量参数并能够描述真实物理学过程的目标方程,然后设定参数初值和边界条件,通过数学(如共轭梯度法)的运算,得到最优化的目标方程解。将最优化计算的思想应用于EDXRF解谱过程中,假设EDXRF谱图是一系列理想高斯峰的叠加,可以列出其与原始谱图残差的目标方程,根据物理学现象对这些高斯峰的高度、位置和宽度三个参数分别进行估计,此时目标方程的值通常较大,通过设定所有参数各自的边界条件,用共轭梯度法不断调整,做最优化计算,直至该值达到极小,此时多峰叠加的结果与实测谱最为贴合,解谱精度大大提高。利用这种方法研究开发了能用于商业化EDXRF仪器的软件程序。对最优化计算用于EDXRF解谱的方法进行了介绍,并以Pr和Nd混合液的L系EDXRF谱图的解析举例,这段谱线由11个谱峰组成,通过设定33个高斯峰参数的初始值,用共轭梯度法执行33个自变量的最优化计算,运行于普通计算机,经过580 ms的计算,拟合谱与实测谱的残差从37.645减小为1.6994,二者在对比谱图上也极为吻合,从而说明这是一种比较有效的谱线拟合方法。通过对结果的分析还发现,部分谱线的宽度发生了变化,真实地反映了该条谱线是由多条相邻谱线构成的事实。研究创新性在于,将数学中的最优化计算原理应用于EDXRF谱图解析过程中,获得了较好的效果,并以较为复杂的Pr和Nd双稀土元素的L系谱线解析为例进行了说明。     

基于TCK模型的非贯通节理岩体动态损伤本构模型

提出在岩体动态损伤本构模型中应同时考虑宏、细观缺陷;基于能量原理和断裂力学理论推导得出了同时考虑节理几何及力学特征的宏观损伤变量(张量)的计算公式;基于综合考虑宏、细观缺陷的复合损伤变量(张量)及完整岩石动态损伤Taylor-Chen-Kuszmaul(TCK)模型,建立了相应的单轴压缩下节理岩体动态损伤本构模型;利用该模型讨论了节理内摩擦角及节理长度对岩体动态力学特性的影响规律。研究表明,试件动态峰值强度随着节理内摩擦角的增大而增大,随着节理长度的增加而减小。